A rare case of takotsubo syndrome led to intra-myocardial dissection and left ventricular apical aneurysm

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Takotsubo syndrome (TS) is a reversible left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction occurred mostly in post-menopausal women after an emotional or physical stress. The exact mechanism has yet to be found. In clinical settings, TS should be differentiated from myocardial infarction (MI) due to totally different management protocols. Several diagnostic criteria are available, but mayo clinic criteria is the most widely used. Prognosis of TS is favorable and the recurrence and mortality rates are low. Treatment is mostly supportive and after a few weeks, most of patients' electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiographic findings will be normalized, though to its benign course, TS can cause some complications. Intramyocardial dissection and LV apical aneurysm, as a complication of TS has never been reported yet and was just announced in rare cases of MI. CASE REPORT: Our patient was a 32-year-old aphasic woman referring with palpitation and chest discomfort. Further examinations after exclusion of MI revealed TS leading to LV apical aneurysm and intra-myocardial dissection. CONCLUSION: Intra-myocardial dissection should be considered as one of the rarest TS complications. Several studies are necessary for defining the exact pathophysiological mechanisms.