Fabrication, characterization and examination of in vitro of baghdadite nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Abstract

The present study aimed to fabricate, characterize and examine the in vitro behavior of baghdadite bioceramic nanoparticles (Ca3ZrSi2O9) for biomedical applications. Fabrication of baghdadite nanoparticles was carried out via sol-gel method. Nanoparticles were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS analysis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), distribution of particles size via laser beam scatter method (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the examination of in vitro behavior of these nanoparticles was carried out via MTT, Ca-Activity (alizarin red staining) and ALP assays. The results revealed that baghdadite phase was developed in CaO-SiO2-ZrO2 ternary system after being calcinated at 1150 degrees C. Moreover, baghdadite particles were quasi-spherical with sizes less than 100 nm. The examination of in vitro behavior of baghdadite nanoparticles in culture medium containing human mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells presented no cytotoxicity of baghdadite nanoparticles, which can help the growth and viability of cells and acceleration of bone tissue formation and repair. It can be concluded that baghdadite nano-bioceramic can be utilized as a great bioactive material in biomedical applications and bone tissue engineering.