Isolated Human and Livestock Echinococcus granulosus Genotypes Using Real-Time PCR of cox1 Gene in Northeast Iran

Abstract

Purpose Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus, is highly endemic over large parts of Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of hydatidosis and mitochondrial cox1 real-time PCR with high-resolution melting curve (HRM) analysis of E. granulosus isolated from human and livestock. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 61 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue isolates were collected from human CE cases and 83 hydatid cysts from the liver and lung lesions of the livestock in Khorasan Razavi province, Northeast Iran. DNA was extracted from each isolate and amplified by real-time PCR and analyzed using the HRM method. Results The HRM analysis using the cox1 gene of 40 E. granulosus human isolates showed that 35 (87.5), 4 (10), and 1 (2.5) of the isolates were categorized as G1, G3, and G6 genotypes, respectively. Out of the total 1342 livestock inspected, 39 (4) goats and 44(12) cattle were found harboring hydatid cysts all belonging to E. granulosus sensu stricto. Conclusion The results confirmed that the high prevalence of E. granulosus sensu stricto in intermediate hosts is remarkable in northeast of Iran coupled with the high prevalence of infection in livestock, which reinforced the need for hydatidosis control programs in this region.