How to develop an undergraduate medical professionalism curriculum: Experts' perception and suggestion

Abstract

Introduction: Medical professionalism as a main ability of physicians is very important just like its teaching and learning. This study investigated medical professionalism experts' perspectives and experiences about professionalism as a step towards developing a medical professionalism curriculum. Methods: A qualitative approach was adopted for this study. The data were obtained from 10 semi-structured interviews with medical professionalism experts with a variety of experiences in Iran between June and September, 2016. All sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results: The participants expressed their experiences on professionalism and its features. The data analysis revealed two main categories: 1) teaching and learning strategies including three categories of learning outcome, teaching and learning and evaluation of medical professionalism, 2) role of context with three sub-categories of rules and regulations to develop professionalism, strengthening the hidden curriculum and executive resources. Conclusions: To address the development of professionalism in medical students, the main factors, i.e., teaching and learning strategies and context with their categories and subcategories should be considered and revised. To sum up, designing a formal medical professionalism curriculum would be necessary and the notion of professionalism must be integrated with all its phases. Employing effective learning and assessment methods by means of qualified teachers and staff in a supportive learning environment provides students with valuable experiences and facilitates the process of teaching.