Expression of Blood Cells Associated CD Markers and Cardiovascular Diseases: Clinical Applications in Prognosis

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of mortality worldwide. The results of various studies have shown that abnormality in the frequency and function of blood cells can be involved in CVD complications. In this review, we have focused on abnormalities in the expression of the CD (cluster of differentiation) markers of blood cells to assess the association of these abnormalities with CVD prognosis. Methods: We identified the relevant literature through a PubMed search (1990-2018) of English-language articles using the terms "Cardiovascular diseases", "CD markers", "leukocytes", 'platelets", and "endothelial cells". Results: There is a variety of mechanisms for the effect of CD-marker expressions on CVDs prognosis, ranging from proinflammatory processes to dysfunctional effects in blood cells. Conclusion: Considering the possible effects of CD-marker expression on CVDs prognosis, particularly prognosis of acute myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis, long-term studies in large cohorts are required to identify the prognostic value of CD markers and to target them with appropriate therapeutic agents.