Dietary patterns in relation to major cardiovascular diseases risk factors Hypertension and hyperlipidemia results from the ESCOME study

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of empirically derived dietary patterns with hypertension and hyperlipidemia among a large sample of Iranian industrial employees. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was done under the framework of Epidemiological Survey of Chronic Diseases on Manufacturing Employees. Major dietary patterns were derived based on a validated short form of food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) using exploratory factor analysis. Self-administered validated questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-demographic and job-related variables of participants. Multivariable logistic regression was applied for association analyses. Findings Higher levels of Western dietary pattern increased significantly the risk of hypertension (odds ratio OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.36-2.53, P trend <0.001) and hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.16-1.81, p = 0.001) even after controlling for confounding variables. The traditional dietary pattern was marginally associated with a significant increase in risk of hyperlipidemia ( = 1.14, 95% CI 0.92-1.41, p = 0.084) in the fully adjusted model. However, higher levels of healthy dietary pattern were significantly associated with a decreased risk of hyperlipidemia in the final model (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64-0.90, p = 0.025). Originality/value To the authors' knowledge, an association analysis between dietary patterns and major cardiovascular disease risk in workforce population over the world is scarce and has not yet been conducted among Iranian industrial employees. This study's findings are especially relevant for the industrial workforce population because they are at high risk of other job-related risks that increase the CVD risk.