Distribution of the Strains of Multidrug-resistant, Extensively Drug-resistant, and Pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Burn Patients

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic and Gram-negative pathogen that is used as the most important factor in burn wound infections, and due to the rapid acquisition of multidrug resistance (MDR), it causes high mortality rates in these sectors. Thus, diagnosis and assessment of antibiotic resistance patterns are very important in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance pattern and determining P. aeruginosa MDR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, phenotypic, biochemical, and polymerase chain reaction tests were used to identify P. aeruginosa from 120 wound burn samples that 96 samples were detected to P. aeruginosa species. In the next step, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute standard guidelines, antibiogram test was performed by disk diffusion method for amikacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, cefepime, aztreonam, meropenem, colistin, ceftazidime, and piperacillin-tazobactam antibiotics. Antibiotic data were analyzed by WHONET software; finally, the rate of antibiotic resistance and MDR strains was determined. RESULTS: The highest antibiotic resistance belonged to amikacin (94.8) and norfloxacin (90.6); in contrast, colistin (8.3) had the lowest and the MDR strains were MDR (95.8) and extensively drug resistance (XDR) (87.5). CONCLUSION: In this study, there was MDR with an alarming rate including MDR (95.8), XDR (87.5), and pan-drug resistance (0). As a result, given antibiotics to patients should be controlled by the antibiogram results to avoid increasing MDR strains.