Whole grain intake favorably affects blood glucose and serum triacylglycerols in overweight and obese children: A randomized controlled crossover clinical trial

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of whole grain consumption on the metabolic profiles of overweight or obese children. Methods: This was a randomized crossover clinical trial with 44 overweight or obese girls. After a 2-wk run-in period, girls were randomly assigned to either intervention or control groups. Participants in the intervention group were asked to obtain 50 of their grain servings from whole grain foods each day for 6 wk. Those in the control group were asked not to consume any of these foods. A 4-wk washout period was applied following which participants were crossed over to the alternate arm. Fasting blood samples were taken before and after each phase of study. Results: Mean (+/- SD) age and body mass index was 11.2 +/- 1.49 y and 23.5 +/- 2.5 kg/m(2), respectively. Mean whole grain intake in intervention and control groups throughout the study was 26.5 and 3.7 g/d, respectively (P = 0.01). Whole grain consumption resulted in lower concentrations of plasma glucose (changes from baseline in intervention group:-0.10 versus 0.21 mmol/L in control group, P = 0.01), serum triacylglycerols (changes from baseline in intervention group:-0.18 versus 0.08 mmol/L in control group, P = 0.01) and higher concentrations of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (changes from baseline in intervention group: 0.16 versus-0.14 mmol/L in control group, P = 0.05) after 6 wk of intervention. No effects of whole grain intake on serum concentrations of total-and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or on blood pressure were found. Conclusion: This study provided evidence supporting the beneficial effects of whole grain foods on serum concentrations of glucose, triacylglycerols and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in overweight children. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.