The relationship between fruit and vegetable intake with functional dyspepsia in adults

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The association of fruit and vegetables with functional dyspepsia (FD) has been less studied, especially in Middle Eastern populations. This study investigated the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption with FD and its related symptoms among a large group of Iranian adults. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This cross-sectional research was conducted on 3362 middle-age participants. Usual dietary intakes, including fruit and vegetable intake, during the last year were assessed using a validated 106-item dish-based food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A modified Persian version of the Rome III questionnaire was used for assessment of FD. RESULTS: The prevalence of FD among study participants was 14.5. After adjustment for confounders, the highest energy-adjusted tertile of fruit consumption was related to 32 lower risk of FD, compared to the lowest intake (OR = 0.68, 95 CI:0.51-0.90). Fruit consumption was also significantly related to lower risk of early satiation (OR = 0.67, 95 CI:0.54-0.85) and post-prandial fullness (OR = 0.75, 95 CI:0.61-0.92). Vegetable consumption was not related to the risk of FD in all models. Men who were in the third tertile of fruit and the third tertile vegetable consumption had lower risk of FD compared to the first tertile; but, in women, just fruit consumption was related to the reduced risk of FD, after adjustment for all confounders. CONCLUSION: We found an inverse association between fruit intake and dyspepsia symptoms. In addition, high consumption of fruit was related to lower odds of early satiation and post-prandial fullness. Higher intake of vegetables was associated with lower risk of FD, only in men.