The Mediating Role of Mental Health in the Relations between Dietary Behaviors and General Health: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to find a pathway to explaining the relations between dietary behaviors with mental health and psychological functioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study contains 4763 participants from the employees of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In this study, four questionnaires were administered which were provided as follows: demographic characteristics, 21-item dietary behaviors questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire, and 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We started the analysis with the structural equation modeling (SEM) model with 4 unobserved latent and 16 observed variables. RESULTS: The results show that the regression coefficient (standard error) of diet behavior on mental health and mental health on GHQ were - 1 (0.37) and 0.02 (0.01) with their P values as 0.007 and 0.01, respectively. For this model, the estimated root mean square error of approximation is 0.062 with 90 confidence interval of (0.060-0.065). In addition, the comparative fit indices (CFIs) were as 0.866 for incremental fit index and 0.866 for CFI. All these indices represent fairly good fit of the model to the data. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that "lower scores on diet behavior - higher scores on mental health problems" and "higher mean scores in depression and/or anxiety - higher scores in GHQ domains." The SEM results showed that dietary behaviors have significance related to depression and/or anxiety and general health status.