Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and dyslipidemia: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies

Abstract

CONTEXT: Findings of previous observational studies that examined the association between circulating vitamin D levels and lipid profiles have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: A dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies was conducted to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and dyslipidemia in adults. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases were searched systematically for articles published up to June 2021. DATA EXTRACTION: Fifty-seven observational studies and 2 cohort studies that reported odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) with 95CIs for dyslipidemia in relation to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in adults were included. DATA ANALYSIS: A high level, vs a low level, of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was related to a significant 19 decrease in the odds of hypertriglyceridemia (OR 0.81; 95CI, 0.74-0.89), an 18 reduction in low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR 0.82; 95CI, 0.76-0.89), and an 18 reduction in dyslipidemia (OR 0.82; 95CI, 0.75-0.91). No significant association was found between a high vs a low level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (OR 0.86; 95CI, 0.62-1.19) or hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.03; 95CI, 0.93-1.15). Dose-response analyses demonstrated that each 10 ng/mL increase in the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was linked, respectively, to a 7 (OR 0.93;95CI, 0.85-1.02), a 3 (OR 0.97; 95CI, 0.90-1.05), and a 4 (OR 0.96; 95CI, 0.92-1.00) marginally significant decrease in the odds of hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, and dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION: Higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with significant reductions in the odds of hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, and dyslipidemia in a dose-response trend. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021219484.