Association of Adult Height with Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Abstract

Background. Epidemiological studies on the association between adult height and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality have provided conflicting findings. We examined the association between adult height and the risk of CVD mortality. Methods. We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar for relevant studies published up to September 2021. Prospective cohort studies that reported the risk estimates for death from CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke were included. The random-effects model was used to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95 confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest vs. lowest categories of adult height. Results. In total, 20 prospective cohort publications were included in this systematic review and 17 in the meta-analysis. During 5 to 41 years of follow-up, the total number of deaths from CVD was 95,197 (51,608 from CHD and 20,319 from a stroke) among 2,676,070 participants. The summary RR comparing the highest and lowest categories of height was 0.80 (95 CI: 0.74-0.87, I-2 = 59.4, n = 15 studies) for CVD mortality, 0.82 (95 CI: 0.74-0.90, I-2 = 70.6, n = 12) for CHD mortality, 0.73 (95 CI: 0.67-0.80, I-2 = 0, n = 10) for stroke mortality, 0.70 (95 CI: 0.61-0.81, I-2 = 0, n = 4) for hemorrhagic stroke mortality, and 0.88 (95 CI: 0.72-1.08, I-2 = 0, n = 4) for ischemic stroke mortality. Conclusion. The present comprehensive meta-analysis provides evidence for an inverse association between adult height and the risk of CVD, CHD, and stroke mortality.