Comparison the Effects of Using Two Methods of Fluid Therapy with Normal Saline or 5 Dextrose in Half Amount of Normal Saline Solution on Blood Glucose and Plasma Electrolytes during and After Neonatal Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: Nowadays, with or without sugar, balanced electrolyte solutions are used to prevent hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia for neonatal fluid therapy. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of two types of fluid therapy with normal saline and 5 dextrose in half amount of normal saline (DW5 NaCl 0.45) solution on plasma electrolytes and blood glucose during and after surgery in neonates. Methods: The research population consisted of 1-day to 30-day-old infants who were candidates for surgery under general anesthesia; 70 infants were selected and assigned by block randomization in two groups of 35. Patients in Group A received fluid therapy with normal saline 0.9 (10 cc/kg/h) and DW 5 NaCl 0.45 solution in Group B (10 cc/kg/h). Results: There was no significant difference in the mean value of bicarbonate level (HCO3), base excess and blood acidity (pH) in the study groups (P > 0.05). In Group A, there was no significant difference in sodium (Na) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) over time (P > 0.123), while in Group B, Na level decreased and MAP increased significantly (P < 0.05) with time. Blood sugar levels increased significantly in both groups over time, although this increase was greater in Group B. Conclusion: In general, the results of the study showed that both fluid therapy with normal saline and DW5 NaCl 0.45 solutions can be used in neonatal surgery, but based on the studied variables in this work, normal saline has a lower risk of hyperglycemia than DW5 NaCl 0.45 solution and therefore it is preferred.