The effect of Coronavirus disease pandemic on maternal and neonatal health: A cohort study from Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may profoundly impact on maternal and neonatal health worldwide. However, a few studies have investigated this topic.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and neonatal health.Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed collected data from March to May 2020, and the same period in 2019, involving 5711 pregnant women referring to comprehensive healthcare centers in Isfahan province health facilities, Iran. Pregnant women and neonates were followed-up until 40 days after the delivery. Demographic characteristics, pre-pregnancy, antenatal care, and post -pregnancy variables were collected.Results: A total of 5711 pregnant women were studied, of whom 3477 (61) were referred in 2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic as nonexposed) and 2234 (39) during the COVID-19 pandemic (as exposed group) in 2020. For those living in cities with a population of > 20,000, the number of antenatal care were lower about 2 compared to nonexposed group (p = 0.01). The number of mothers with a history of the underlying disease who referred to a comprehensive healthcare center during the COVID-19 pandemic (47) was lower about 6 compared to nonexposed group (41) (p < 0.001). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus was 5 (n = 109) and 20 (n = 445), which were higher about 2 and 4, respectively, compared to nonexposed group. The COVID-19 pandemic had no other significant effect on mothers' and neonates' other characteristics than nonexposed group.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic imposes no significant effect on mothers' and neonates' health compared to nonexposed group.