Global criterion optimization method for improving the porosity of porous scaffolds containing magnetic nanoparticles: Fabrication and finite element analysis

Abstract

One of the basic parameters of an ideal scaffold is the size of its pores so that the nutrients and oxygen can easily pass via its pores, reach the cells, and be excreted. The size of pores should not be large enough to impair the mechanical strength, nor small enough to be blocked by the cell, prevent the cell and blood vessels from penetrating the internal scaffold and interfering with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Improving the effect of porosity on the mechanical properties of two-component and three-component microporous scaffolds with the ability to improve the ossification and bone repair is of particular importance. While magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can improve the mechanical and biochemical properties and biology of bone up to two to three times. In this study, the sodium bicarbonate was used as a space agent, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed to evaluate the morphological and phase properties of bioglass-MNPs in the scaffolds content. The mechanical properties, including the scaffold's compressive strength, along with its porosity and macromolecular properties in neural networks and ABAQUS software, were evaluated and simulated. Mechanical properties show that the elastic modulus increased about three times and the compressive strength by about three times, while the density increases about 15 to 20. The finite element analysis indicated that the reported material properties and mechanical behavior were in acceptable agreement with the experimental approach. Furthermore, it showed that BG/10 wt MNPs (S2) had the best material properties and mechanical response compared to BG (S1), and BG/10 wt Zr (S3). Results show that the biodegradable composition of magnetic nanoparticles with suitable mechanical, chemical and biological properties was used for applying in the bone application.