The effect of vitamin D supplementation on body composition in nursing mothers with overweight or obesity: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial

Abstract

Background:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on body composition and anthropometric measures of nursing mothers. Methods:In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 90 nursing mothers with overweight or obesity were randomized into three groups for 12 weeks: two groups of vitamin D3 supplementation (2000 IU/d (VD1), n = 32 and 4000 IU/d (VD2), n = 29) and placebo (PL) group (n = 29). The information on body composition was obtained using the body impedance analysis (BIA) method. Serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH) D), Intact Parathyroid Hormone (iPTH), calcium, and phosphorus were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed based on the intention-to-treat (ITT) method. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA (mixed ANOVA) was applied to assess whether the mean changes in the results from baseline to 12 weeks differ in the three groups. Results:There was a significant increase in the serum 25(OH) D concentration in the VD2 group compared to VD1 and PL groups (mean change (MC), 12.3 ng/ml; 95 CI, 9.4/15.0, p-value < 0.001). In addition, fat mass (MC, - 4.3 kg; 95 CI, - 7.0/- 1.1, p-value < 0.007), fat mass index (MC, - 1.6; 95 CI, - 2.6/- 0.5, p-value < 0.006) and body fat percentage (MC, - 8.1; 95 CI, - 12.0/- 4.2, p-value < 0.007) reduced in VD2 group as compared with VD1 and PL groups. Conclusion:The intake of 4000 IU/d vitamins D3 supplementation would elevate circulating 25(OH) D concentrations in nursing mothers with overweight or obesity and improve some indices of body composition.