Dataset of fluoride concentration and health risk assessment in drinking water in the Saveh City of Markazi Province, Iran

Abstract

This study aims at analyzing fluoride levels in water sources and drinking water in Saveh City, with a focus on health risks assessment. Excessive fluoride concentra-tions (above 2 to 4 mg/L) can lead to skeletal issues, dental fluorosis, and brain damage, while low concentra-tions (below 0.7-1.5 mg/L depending on temperature) can harm tooth health and strength. For drinking water con-sumptions, centralized and decentralized desalination units were utilized from, Saveh's brackish water. In this re-search study a total of 63 samples were collected ran-domly from underground and surface water sources, distri-bution networks, and desalination units during both Win -ter and Summer seasons. Fluoride analysis was conducted using the spectrophotometric method with the DR60 0 0 device and SPADNS reagent. The results indicated that dur -ing winter, average fluoride concentrations in underground water, water treatment plant output, distribution network, centralized desalination unit output, and decentralized de-salination unit output were 0.67, 0.64, 0.62, 0.064, and 0.07 mg/L, respectively. In summer, the average concentrations were 0.79, 0.75, 0.71, 0.04, and 0.07 mg/L, respectively. For desalinated water produced by centralized desalination units during the summer season, the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) values for fluoride in different age groups, including infants, children, teenagers, and adults, were found to be 0.0 0 03, 0.0 023, 0.0 016, and 0.0 013 mg/kg, respectively. Health risk assessment data indicated Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for fluoride in these age groups were 0.005, 0.037, 0.026, and 0.02, respectively. Similar values were observed in the winter data. However, it is important to note that the fluoride con-centration in Saveh's drinking water is nearly zero, and the absence of fluoride in desalinated drinking water can have a negative impact on dental health. Therefore, it is crucial to address the lack of fluoride in the drinking water of this city. & COPY; 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )