The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components with Socio-Economic Status among Adolescents in Shiraz, Southern Iran

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and its individual components with socio-economic factors among 14-18 year-old adolescents in Shiraz, Iran. Using a multistage random sampling, a total of 538 (289 males and 249 females) adolescents consented to the study. Socio-economic status was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire while presence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components was ascertained using NCEP-ATP III criteria. The relationships between the participants' socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome and its components were determined using bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Approximately 6 of the adolescents had metabolic syndrome, with significantly more males than females (9.3 vs 2.4, p<0.001). The most commonly found abnormality was low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (42.4), followed by hypertensive (16.3). The prevalence rates of elevated triglycerides, abdominal obesity and high fasting plasma glucose were 15.6, 8.6 and 3.1, respectively. Metabolic syndrome was significantly more prevalent in obese participants (44.4) than those with normal body weight (2.0) or overweight (9.3). There were positive associations between the components of metabolic syndrome and parental education, school location and household monthly income. Having a family history of obesity was associated with metabolic syndrome after controlling for other variables (OR=2.1; 95 CI: 0.9-5.2, p=0.042). Overweight and obese subjects were approximately 8 times and 15 times more likely to develop metabolic syndrome, respectively (overweight: OR = 8.2; 95 CI: 3.6-17.2; obese: OR = 15.4; 95 CI: 4.8-43.7). In conclusion, a positive association exists between socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome and its individual components among the studied participants. An intervention program to prevent metabolic syndrome needs to be developed for this young generation, especially among those who are overweight or obese and those with a family history of obesity.