The potential interplay between opioid and the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)

(2023) The potential interplay between opioid and the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology. pp. 240-252. ISSN 1532-2513 (Electronic) 0892-3973 (Linking)

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Abstract

CONTEXT: Opioids are available for the management of severe and chronic pain. However, long-term use of high-dose opioids could lead to physiologic tolerance, hyperalgesia, gastrointestinal immobility, addiction, respiratory depression, tumor progression, and inhibition of the immune system. It seems some of these adverse effects of opioids might be induced by TLR-4 signaling. OBJECTIVE: The review aims to investigate the potential interplay between opioids and TLR-4 in CNS, gastrointestinal, cancer, and immune system. METHODS: The search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, web of sciences, and Google scholar was performed for all relevant studies published. From a total of 513 papers obtained at the initial database search, publications including in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies were selected for the review. RESULTS: A comprehensive review of studies indicated that using opioids for the reduction of pain might induce adverse effects such as analgesic tolerance, hyperalgesia, cancer progression, and suppression of the immune system. Some studies have indicated these effects may be due to a change in the level of expression and signaling pathway of TLR-4. The generalizability of the results was limited due to the inconsistency of findings. CONCLUSIONS: More studies are needed to clarify TLR-4-mediated opioid effects on the biology or stages of the disease as well as the role of different types of opioids, appropriate dosage, and exposure in various contexts. Designing the drug candidate and doing many formulation studies for different diseases and various stages of disease could be associated with effective treatment and pain management.

Item Type: Article
Keywords: Humans *Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects Toll-Like Receptor 4 Hyperalgesia/chemically induced/drug therapy Pain/drug therapy *Neoplasms/drug therapy Opioids opioid receptors opioids-related side effects toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) treatment
Page Range: pp. 240-252
Journal or Publication Title: Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology
Journal Index: Pubmed
Volume: 45
Number: 2
Identification Number: https://doi.org/10.1080/08923973.2022.2122500
ISSN: 1532-2513 (Electronic) 0892-3973 (Linking)
Depositing User: خانم ناهید ضیائی
URI: http://eprints.mui.ac.ir/id/eprint/27828

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