Associations between adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern and frequency, duration, and severity of migraine headache: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The present study was conducted to explore the association between adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern and migraine headache features including frequency, duration, and severity, as well as patients' migraine-related disabilities among the Iranian population diagnosed with migraine. METHODS: In the present cross-sectional study on 262 migraine patients aged 20-50 years old, a validated 168-item, food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the dietary intakes of participants. The Mediterranean diet score was calculated for each subject using nine pre-defined dietary components and ranged from 0-9. The headache severity, duration, frequency, migraine headache index score (MHIS), and headache impact test-6 (HIT-6) were measured using related questionnaires. RESULTS: After controlling for potential confounders, Mediterranean diet tended to be associated with lower headache frequency (beta = -1.74, 95 CI: -3.53,0.03) and duration (beta = -0.28, 95 CI: -0.59, -0.02) and was significantly associated with lower MHIS (beta = -29.32, 95 CI: -51.22, -7.42), and HIT-6 score (beta = -2.86, 95 CI: -5.40, -0.32) for those in the highest category of Mediterranean diet scores compared to the lowest category. A subgroup analysis of women also revealed a negative association between Mediterranean diet and headaches frequency (beta = -2.30, 95 CI: -4.27, -0.32), duration (beta = -0.42, 95 CI: -0.78, -0.07), scores of MHIS (beta = -47.44, 95 CI: -71.90, -22.99), and HIT-6 (beta = -3.45, 95 CI: -6.29, -0.61), after controlling for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with lower headache frequency, duration, MHIS, and HIT-6 score.