Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Microplastics in Tap WaterSupply Network in Iran

Abstract

Background: Microplastics (MPs) exposure can affect humans in various ways, with tap water being one of the potentialsources. Microplastics can absorb other pollutants and pose risks to both humans and the environment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of MPs in tap water from the drinking water distributionsystem of Isfahan, Iran, and to determine the exposure to MPs from drinking tap water. Methods: Samples were collected from different points in the drinking water distribution system of Isfahan, Iran. Sampleswere prepared for analysis through filtration and chemical digestion. The MPs were counted using a scanning electronmicroscope (SEM), and the composition of MPs was analyzed using a micro-Raman spectrometer. Results: The concentration of MPs in tap water was found to be 287.0 +/- 65.9 MPs/l. MPs <= 10 mu m were the predominant sizes,and fibers were the predominant shape. Polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, and polypropylene were the most frequentlyidentified MPs, respectively. Conclusions: Considering that the Iranian population consumes 7 - 15 liters of water daily for drinking and cooking, it isestimated that the average intake of MPs through cooking and drinking water is 2009 - 43,051 particles per day.