Predictors of Traumatic Brain Injury Mortality: in Adults (18-45 years) Trauma Patients

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury represents a significant public health concern that can manifest at any age. It also stands as one of the primary causes of disability and mortality in the ensuing years of a patient's life. The present study aims to discern predictors of mortality stemming from traumatic brain injury among individuals aged 18 to 45 in Isfahan City. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included all TBI adult cases (18-45 years) presented to the trauma registry (Kashani and Al-Zahra Hospitals) in Esfahan City- from September 2020 to February 2023. The data was exported into SPSS (version 16) for analysis. Results: A total of 1942 individuals with TBI aged 18 to 45 years were enrolled in the study. The frequency of mortality from traumatic brain injury was 482 (24.8 ) of patients During the study period (30 months). 191 (39.63) patients with severe trauma died. When these variables were tested at multivariate logistic regression, being low GCS level, having concomitant injury, patients' condition at presentation SBP, hyperthermia during hospital stay, and high ISS Score were found to be statistically significant with p-value < 0.05 at 95 CI. Conclusion: Most studies, spanning all age groups, identified the GCS, followed closely by the Injury Severity Score and accompanying injuries, as principal indicators of mortality risks. Moreover, there is a pressing need to routinely monitor adults for variations in systolic blood pressure and episodes of hyperthermia during their hospital stay.