Malaria Epidemiology in Rask City and Surrounding Areas (2020-2023), Southeast Iran

Abstract

Background: Malaria, a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, remains a major global health challenge, causing widespread illness and mortality. Objectives: This study provides an in-depth analysis of malaria trends in Rask, Southeast Iran, from 2018 to 2023, assessing malaria prevalence, transmission factors, and impacts on the local population and healthcare system. Methods: Blood samples were collected from individuals suspected of having malaria at health centers in Rask. For each positive case, demographic information was recorded in a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26, with t-tests applied to compare variables. Results: Findings indicate a peak in malaria cases in 2022, with an annual incidence rate of 2.49. The most common species identified was Plasmodium vivax, affecting primarily males over the age of 12, with the highest number of cases reported in September. Conclusions: The results underscore the urgent need to enhance malaria prevention and control measures. The study emphasizes the value of targeted interventions, including improvements to prevention and treatment programs, reinforcement of healthcare systems, and advancement of health infrastructure. These strategies should consider climatic patterns and rainfall rates to effectively address malaria transmission dynamics.