Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Fumaria parviflora Lam on gene expression and serum levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Abstract

The present study examined the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Fumaria parviflora (FP) on gene expression and serum levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 70 overweight or obese patients with diabetes were randomly assigned to either a FP (500 mg/day) or a placebo (cornstarch 500 mg/day) group for eight weeks. At the endpoint, mRNA expression levels of the B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) were significantly higher in the FP group compared to placebo. In comparison, expression levels of the Bcl-2-associated protein x (BAX), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were significantly lower in the FP group. FP supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde, as well as an increase in serum levels of antioxidant parameters. Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IRCT20130610013612N11, https://irct.beh dasht.gov.ir/trial/58544.