Association of quality and quantity of macronutrients intake with obesity, new anthropometric indices, lipid accumulation, and blood lipid risk index in Tehranian women

Abstract

BackgroundThis study examines the association between micronutrient intake, anthropometric indices, lipid accumulation, and blood lipid risk index among Tehranian women.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 556 Tehranian women. Dietary intake was measured using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Biochemical assessment and anthropometric indices were measured, and demographic information and physical activity were collected.ResultsParticipants with the highest intake of carbohydrates were more prone to obesity. Conversely, those in the top tertile for protein intake had a lower likelihood of obesity and higher levels of lipid accumulation product (LAP). The highest fat consumers had a 63 decreased chance of having a high Castelli's Risk Index 1 (CRI-1). A higher glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were linked to an increased probability of a high atherogenic coefficient (AC). Women in the top tertile of GL were significantly more likely to be obese and had lower odds for high LAP. Participants in the top tertile of aromatic amino acids/branched chain amino acids (AAA/BCAA) had significantly lower chances of high CRI-1 and a high atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Those in the highest tertile of monounsaturated fatty acids/polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA/PUFA) had lower odds of obesity and high AIP.ConclusionsThe amount of carbohydrate (g) and protein intake (), dietary GL, and the ratio of MUFA to PUFA were associated with obesity. The amount of fat intake (g) and AAA/BCAA indices were associated with CRI-1. LAP decreased with an increase in GL. AC increased with an increase in GI and GL. AAA/BCAA and MUFA/PUFA were associated with AIP. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the quality and quantity of macronutrients in the diet, with obesity, new anthropometric indices, lipid accumulation, and blood lipid risk index. We found that carbohydrate (g) and protein intake (), dietary glycemic load (GL), and the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA/PUFA) are associated with obesity. The amount of fat intake (g) and the indices of aromatic amino acids to branched chain amino acids (AAA/BCAA) are associated with Castelli's Risk Index-1 (CRI-1). Lipid accumulation product (LAP) decreases with an increase in GL, while the atherogenic coefficient (AC) increases with an increase in both glycemic index (GI) and GL. AAA/BCAA and MUFA/PUFA are associated with the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP).image