Prevalence and some related factors of low muscle mass in older adults: findings from the Tehran lipid and glucose study

Abstract

ObjectivesThe global population is undergoing rapid aging, and the consequential decline in skeletal muscle mass with age presents substantial health risks, underscoring the importance of precise identification and gender-specific measurements. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of low muscle mass among individuals aged > 60 years and identifying potential risk factors. MethodsThis study, conducted within the framework of Phase VII of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), included 860 participants selected through meticulous inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing on good health. Various demographic, anthropometric, and metabolic measurements were collected, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was employed for skeletal muscle mass assessment. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate associations between low muscle mass and various factors. ResultsThe prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass was 16.4 (CI: 14.06-19.03), with gender-based variations (20.24 (CI: 16.66-24.36) in males vs. 12.73 (CI: 9.92-16.19) in females). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed associations between low muscle mass and increasing age, male gender, smoking, low physical activity, and higher HDL levels (P < 0.05). Protective effects were observed with higher BMI, weight, height, waist and hip circumference, and serum triglyceride levels (P < 0.05). ConclusionThis study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and related factors of low skeletal muscle mass among older adults. Addressing modifiable risk factors and promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors are crucial steps in preventing and managing sarcopenia. Further longitudinal research is recommended to explore causal pathways and inform targeted interventions for optimizing muscle health across the lifespan.