Unfolded Protein Response Signaling in Hepatic Stem Cell Activation in Liver Fibrosis

Abstract

Frequent exposure to various external and internal adverse forces (stresses) disrupts ell protein homeostasis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) capacity saturation. his process leads to the unfolded protein response (UPR), which aims to re-establish/maintain ptimal cellular equilibrium. This complex mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of various disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, ibrotic diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer, by altering cellular metabolic changes integral to ctivating the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The development of hepatic fibrosis is one of he consequences of UPR activation. Therefore, novel therapies that target the UPR pathway effectively and pecifically are being studied. This article covers the involvement of the UPR signaling pathway in cellular damage in liver fibrosis. Investigating the pathogenic pathways related to the ER/UPR stress axis that contribute to liver fibrosis can help to guide future drug therapy approaches.