Does dietary intake of vitamin A and beta-carotene increase the risk of hypertension?

Abstract

BackgroundHypertension (HTN) is a major global public health issue influenced by genetics and lifestyle factors such as diet and psychological stress. Previous research suggests a potential link between HTN and dietary vitamin A intake. This study aims to explore the association between HTN and the intake of various forms of vitamin A.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 1239 patients with HTN and 2945 normotensive individuals aged 35-70 years in Sabzevar, Iran. Dietary vitamin A intake was assessed using the Nutritionist IV software and a food frequency questionnaire.ResultA positive association was found between HTN with total vitamin A intake odds ratio (OR): 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.05, P = 0.04 and beta-carotene intake (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.05, P = 0.03) after adjusting for age and sex. These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for physical activity and BMI. The association between HTN and beta-carotene intake remained significant after additional adjustment for calorie intake. No significant association was observed between dietary retinol intake and HTN.ConclusionIncreased dietary intake of vitamin A and beta-carotene may be associated with a higher risk of HTN. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.