Changes in Postural Control due to Electrical Stimulation Therapy for Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Ankle instability results in sensory and motor impairments. Typically, health professionals recommend conservative treatment as the initial approach for individuals with this condition. One such treatment option is Electrical Stimulation (ES). This systematic review assesses the effects of ES techniques on postural control measures in cases of ankle instability. Methods: We systematically searched five electronic databases: ClinicalTrials. gov, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. To evaluate the quality of the included articles, we utilized the PEDro checklist. We extracted data on population, intervention, and outcomes and synthesized them narratively. Results: ES decreased the time needed to stabilize the center of pressure, velocity, displacement, and area, thereby enhancing the performance of clinical tests. While postural stability indexes remained unaffected, the gait inversion angle increased with electrical stimulation. Conclusion: These results suggest that ES interventions are crucial in enhancing postural control in subjects with ankle instability compared to coordination exercises therapy alone. Stochastic resonance reduced A/P and M/L TTS, COP velocity, COP displacement, and COP area, resulting in enhanced postural control. 2024© The Authors. Published by JRSR. All rights reserved.