Investigating the Dynamic Interplay Between Cellular Immunity and Tumor Cells in the Fight Against Cancer: An Updated Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The dynamic interplay between cellular immunity and tumor cells is essential in cancer advancement and response to therapy. This updated, comprehensive review examines the intricate relationship between these components, focusing on the function of different subsets of immune cells in both innate and acquired immunity. A literature search was conducted to identify cytokines involved in tumor cell induction, using keywords such as cytokines, tumor cells, immune cells, and cancer. Relevant articles published between 2003 and 2024 were reviewed, and their data were summarized. The review highlights the different roles of immune cell subsets in coordinating immune responses against tumors. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) And Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) often stimulate cancer growth and evasion of the immune system by suppressing effector cells. Eosinophils and natural killer (NK) cells contribute to tumor surveillance and cytotoxicity, while dendritic cells (DCs) recreate paramount function in T-cell activation and antigen presentation. The complement system and neutrophils contribute to immune regulation and tumor-associated inflammation. T lymphocytes, particularly antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are central to acquired immunity and the anti-tumor immune response. This review highlights how cytokines interact with tumor cells and their role in cancer biology, paving the way for identifying improved prognostic and diagnostic factors. The compiled findings discuss valuable cytokines for a more effective diagnosis of tumors and an accurate prognosis prediction. © 2024, Iranian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Society. All rights reserved.