The Crucial Role of Psychosocial Factors in Cardiovascular Health and Illness: A Position Paper

Abstract

Background: Psychocardiology explores the impact of symbolic, emotional, behavioral, and social factors on cardiovascular functions and vice versa. This holistic approach focuses on managing psychosocial predisposing factors, comorbidities, and interventions within cardiology. The guideline development involved a thorough literature review on psychocardiology, encompassing studies on psychosocial influences, communication strategies, and cultural competence in cardiovascular care. Methods: Data were collected from peer-reviewed journals, clinical trials, and meta-analyses to create an evidence-based framework. Expert panels comprising cardiologists, psychologists, and communication specialists provided insights and validated the recommendations. The methodology also incorporated qualitative feedback from patient interviews and focus groups to ensure the guidelines address real-world challenges and patient perspectives. Results: The guidelines highlight the importance of effective physician-patient communication, emphasizing the role of psychological factors in managing and treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Psychosocial elements such as psychological flexibility, attachment styles, coping mechanisms, existential anxiety, and obsessive beliefs are closely linked to cardiovascular health, influencing both the incidence and progression of CVDs. Conclusion: Addressing personality traits, emotion regulation, health and illness behaviors, and the communicative context, as well as fostering communication and cultural sensitivity in clinical settings, can improve diagnostic accuracy, treatment adherence, and overall patient satisfaction. © 2024, Vesnu Publications. All rights reserved.