Investigation of the presence of Candida auris and other Candida species in marine waters

Abstract

Marine recreational waters harbor various microorganisms that may pose health risks to users. However, fungal contamination, particularly by Candida species, has received limited attention despite evidence of their presence and potential health concerns. This study aimed to assess the microbial quality of water at five popular recreational beaches along the Persian Gulf, with a specific focus on Candida species. Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), including Escherichia coli and Enterococci, were enumerated in marine water samples. Additionally, the presence of Candida auris and other clinically relevant Candida spp. as well as Meyerozyma guilliermondii was investigated using nested, multiplex, and conventional PCR assays, respectively. FIB were highly prevalent across most of the sampling locations. Additionally, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and M. guilliermondii were detected in a few samples. C. albicans specifically found at locations with high FIB concentrations, suggesting an association with anthropogenic activities. However, C. auris was not detected in this study. The presence of Candida spp. in recreational waters suggests a potential public health risk. These findings highlight the importance of further monitoring for fungal contamination to protect public health and guide future water quality management policies.