Investigating ethnic differences in risk factors and severity of developing premature coronary artery disease: Predicting the effect of risk factors through decision tree analysis in a multicenter case-control study; Results from Iran Premature Coronary Artery Disease (IPAD study)

Abstract

Introduction: Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) has an ascending trend especially in CAD across various Iranian ethnicities. Methods: This case-control study was done on 3015 Iranian patients undergoing coronary artery Arab, Fars, Kurd, Gilak, and Lur. This study was performed over three years in 14 capitals of provinces in Iran headed by Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, by including men <= 60 stenosis above 75 (more than 50 in the left main), they were categorized as Case group .The effects of conventional risk factors as well as psychosocial ones including age, gender, weight, diabetes, hypertension, etc. were determined in each ethnicity using decision tree statistical method. Also, via logistic regression method, the odds of incidence of CAD in each ethnicity were specified against the Fars ethnicity (the predominant ethnicity in Iran). Results: The most common risk factor among different ethnicities was age and male gender. Also, among the Iranian ethnicities, Kurd had the lowest chance while Gilak and Azari had the highest chance of developing PCAD as compared to the Fars ethnicity. Investigation of the behavioral and psychological dimensions indicated that stress was significantly higher among those without coronary artery involvement as compared to those with this involvement. The decision tree model could predict that among Gilakis, Fasting blood sugar (FBS) above 126 and in Lurs opium as well as diastolic blood pressure above 85, and in Kurds male gender would considerably increase the odds of developing CAD. Conclusion: The model obtained from the decision tree indicated that although variables of age, gender, cigarette, and opium are among the main risk factors for involvement of coronary arteries among young adult patients, in different ethnicities, the risk level of each of these risk factors in incidence of PCAD is different. This means among Kurds, age, among Gilakis diabetes, and among Lurs opium are more important.