The NLRP3 inflammasome: Mechanisms of activation, regulation, and role in diseases

(2025) The NLRP3 inflammasome: Mechanisms of activation, regulation, and role in diseases. International reviews of immunology. pp. 98-111. ISSN 1563-5244 (Electronic) 0883-0185 (Linking)

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Abstract

Because of numerous stress signals, intracellular protein complexes are called inflammasomes. They function as catalysts for the proteolytic transformation of pro-interleukin into the active form of interleukin. Inflammasomes can promote a type of cell death process known as pyroptosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome, comprised of the NLRP3 protein, procaspase-1, and ASC, tightly regulates inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by a variety of stimuli, and several molecular and cellular events, such as ion influx, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species production, and lysosomal damage have been shown to trigger its activation. Inflammation plays a major role in almost all types of human diseases. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been the most widely studied and plays an important pathogenic role in various inflammatory pathologies. This review briefly presents the basic features of NLRP3 inflammasome and their mechanisms of activation and regulation. In addition, recent studies report the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in several diseases have been summarized. Because of numerous stress signals, intracellular protein complexes are called inflammasomes. They function as catalysts for the proteolytic transformation of pro-interleukin into the active form of interleukin. Inflammasomes can promote a type of cell death process known as pyroptosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome, comprised of the NLRP3 protein, procaspase-1, and ASC, tightly regulates inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by a variety of stimuli, and several molecular and cellular events, such as ion influx, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species production, and lysosomal damage, have been shown to trigger its activation. Also, NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in several different diseases.

Item Type: Article
Keywords: Humans *NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism *Inflammasomes/metabolism/immunology Animals *Inflammation/immunology/metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism Signal Transduction/immunology Pyroptosis/immunology Caspase 1/metabolism Immune regulators Nlrp3 inflammasome inflammation inflammatory diseases
Page Range: pp. 98-111
Journal or Publication Title: International reviews of immunology
Journal Index: Pubmed
Volume: 44
Number: 2
Identification Number: https://doi.org/10.1080/08830185.2024.2415688
ISSN: 1563-5244 (Electronic) 0883-0185 (Linking)
Depositing User: خانم ناهید ضیائی
URI: http://eprints.mui.ac.ir/id/eprint/31513

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