The association of the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) with depression and anxiety symptoms: the Isfahan functional disorders (ISFUN) cohort study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Due to scarce epidemiologic data regarding the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) and mental health disorders, this study aimed to investigate the association of PDQS with depression and anxiety symptoms in Iranian adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis was performed using the baseline data collected for the Isfahan functional disorders (ISFUN) cohort study. ISFUN was established in 2017 and enrolled apparently healthy adults, aged 18-65 years in Isfahan, Iran. Information on usual dietary intakes was collected using a validated Dish-based, 106-item food frequency questionnaire. The severity of depression and anxiety was assessed using a validated Iranian version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS: A total number of1892 participants were enrolled in the present study. In total, 54.50 of subjects were female. In the fully adjusted model, participants with PDQS lower than median compared with those with PDQS higher than median had higher risk of depression (OR = 1.62; 95 CI: 1.11, 2.37) and anxiety (OR: 1.57; 95 CI: 1.08, 2.27). In stratified analysis by sex, males with PDQS lower than median compared with those with PDQS higher than median had greater risk for depressive (OR: 1.57) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.52). However, in females, no significant association was found between PDQS and odds of depression, and anxiety in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSION: We found evidence indicating a significant inverse association between PDQS and depression and anxiety symptoms among Iranian adults. Further studies, in particular with prospective design, are required to confirm these findings.