Association between micronutrient intake and periodontal health: a cross-sectional analysis of the Rafsanjan cohort study

Abstract

Background Previous studies have suggested that micronutrient deficiencies may play a role in developing periodontal diseases. However, the evidence on the association between micronutrient intake and periodontal diseases is limited and conflicting. We aim to investigate the association between dietary micronutrients and periodontal disease among the adult population of the Oral Health Branch of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study.<br /> Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 3013 participants (aged 35-70) from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Periodontal health indices (bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss, Periodontal probing depth, dental calculus) were evaluated, and sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical data were collected. Logistic regression models assessed associations, adjusting for potential confounders.<br /> Results Among 3013 participants (mean age: 48.62 +/- 8.89 years; 62.99 male), higher dietary intake of alpha-carotene (OR: 0.77, 95 CI: 0.63-0.94), beta-cryptoxanthin (OR: 0.80, 95 CI: 0.65-0.99), fluoride, and vitamin A significantly reduced periodontal pockets and bleeding on probing. Conversely, a higher intake of vitamin K and sodium was associated with increased dental calculus prevalence (p < 0.05).<br /> Conclusions This study found significant links between sociodemographic factors, habits and diet with periodontal health. Increased alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and fluoride intake reduced periodontal pockets and bleeding, while sodium and vitamin K intake were associated with increased calculus formation.