Development of the “AJA” Haemostatic Pack for Prehospital and Battlefield Haemorrhage Control

Abstract

Aims Hemorrhagic shock is the leading cause of mortality on the battlefield and the second most common cause of death in civilian trauma. Despite advances in medical science, effective hemorrhage control in prehospital settings and self-management by injured individuals remain critical challenges. This study aimed to design and develop a hemostatic pack for hemorrhage control in both military and civilian environments, incorporating key attributes of an ideal product: rapid efficacy, ease of use, low weight, and cost-effectiveness. Materials & Methods The study comprised three phases, including the production of chitosan-impregnated gauze from shrimp shell-derived chitosan, the design and fabrication of a self-aid tourniquet modeled on modern military designs, and final product packaging. The pack included hemostatic gauze, a tourniquet, and Surgifix (an elastic tubular net bandage), all contained in a lightweight, durable pouch. Findings The developed pack demonstrated feasibility for sterile production and assembly, with chitosan yields of 5-15g per 100g of shrimp shells. The tourniquet prototype weighed 300g, exceeding the weight of commercial models but achieving functional self-application. Packaging ensured a 9-month shelf life under sterilization. Conclusion The AJA hemostatic pack represents a low-cost, indigenous solution for prehospital hemorrhage control, promoting self-sufficiency in emergency medical systems. Copyright© 2025, the Authors.