Dimensions of health pseudoscience: a qualitative study

Abstract

Introduction: Pseudoscience refere to claims that appear scientific but lack reliable research support, posing risks to public health and undermining trust in evidence-based medicine. This study aimed to identify key concepts of pseudoscience in healthcare and explore strategies to mitigate its influence. Its objectives are to clarify the conceptual and semantic relationships associated with health pseudoscience and propose methods to reduce its spread. Methods: This qualitative study employed conventional content analysis. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling and included physicians, medical faculty members, science experts, media professionals, patients, and individuals involved with pseudoscientific practices. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The research identified five primary categories: 1) definitions and concepts, 2) causes and mechanisms of occurrence and spread, 3) diagnostic methods, 4) consequences and complications, and 5) coping and management strategies. Analysis of perspectives revealed 19 subcategories. Conclusion: This study examines health pseudoscience as a complex challange affecting social, cognitive, and public health systems. The findings suggest that effectively addressing this phenomenon requires five essential steps: 1) defining the issue, 2) identifying causative factors, 3) ensuring timely diagnosis, 4) assessing its consequences, and 5) implementing integrated strategies. © 2025 The Author(s);