The Effect of Early Mobilization Programs on the Heart-focused Anxiety in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background: Early Mobilization (EM) after a myocardial infarction is an effective strategy to reduce complications associated with immobility. However, heart-focused anxiety (HFA) can hinder exercise capacity and negatively impact self-reported physical health. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the current EM program on HFA in patients who have experienced an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, patients with AMI were selected using a convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 30). The measurement tools included a section on demographic information, a patient activity checklist, and the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ). The intervention group underwent a six-stage EM program, while the control group received standard care. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20, employing independent and paired t-tests. Results: The comparison of the average HFA score and its components before the intervention showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). After the trial, the HFA score showed a significant decrease (t = -3.065, p = 0.003) compared to the control group. Its components, including attention (t = -2.040, p = 0.046) and fear (t = -2.259, p = 0.028), also decreased significantly, while avoidance (t = -1.608, p = 0.114) did not show a significant change. Conclusions: This EM program, initiated about 6 hours after admission to the CCU, decreased the CAQ score. Thus, this program is an affordable and nondrug approach recommended to prevent complications from immobility.