High drug loading mesoporous hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for periodontal bone regeneration: A facile microwave-assisted synthesis approach

Abstract

Periodontitis is a common inflammatory condition characterized by the breakdown of periodontal tissues, often leading to tooth loss. Atorvastatin (ATV) has shown promise in reducing periodontal inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration. The aim of this study is to synthesize mesoporous hydroxyapatite (MHA) nanoparticles using a microwave-assisted method for high drug loading and controlled release of ATV. TEM analysis revealed that MHA nanoparticles possess a distinct mesoporous structure and much smaller than conventional hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles. The mesoporous structure of MHA significantly enhances its drug loading capacity and release properties. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms confirmed the mesoporous nature of MHA, with a high specific surface area and pore volume. The MHA nanoparticles demonstrated excellent bioactivity and high ATV entrapment efficiency (approximately 85 ), with a favorable release profile suitable for sustained drug delivery. Cell viability assays indicated enhanced proliferation with ATV-loaded MHA (MHAATV), supporting its potential in promoting osteoblast activity and bone mineral density. This study demonstrates the potential of microwave-assisted synthesis of MHA as a versatile platform, creating opportunities for extensive applications including drug delivery, bone regeneration, hard tissue replacement, gene delivery, wound dressing, and catalysis.