The relationship between estrogen and renin angiotensin system components in the context of hypertension

Abstract

Hypertension is recognized as a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke, and kidney diseases. Although hypertension is influenced by numerous factors, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is widely acknowledged as a critical regulator of normal blood pressure (BP) stability and a significant contributor to the development of hypertension. RAS has different peptides and receptors that exert their effects via two alternative and classical pathways. In females, estradiol exhibits protective effects on the cardiovascular and renal systems. It may modulate BP regulation via its influence on the RAS, affecting the levels of crucial substrates, enzymes, receptor expression, and protein production. Sex disparities in hypertension are apparent in various hypertensive animal models. This review explored the connection between estrogen and RAS components in the context of hypertension.