A Review of the Role of the Female Reproductive Tract Microbiome in Reproductive Health

Abstract

Background: Women's reproductive health faces fundamental challenges. Recent studies indicate that the microbiome interacts with the anatomy, histology, and immune system of the female reproductive tract, key elements in maintaining reproductive health and preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this interaction and the microbiome's influence on the physiological functions of the reproductive tract remain unknown, emerging as a novel field in female reproductive tract microecology research. Methods: This review article employs a novel approach to examine the interaction mechanisms between the microbiome and the anatomy, histology, and immune system of the female reproductive tract. It also analyzes factors affecting the composition of this microbiome and microbiome-based medical approaches in managing female reproductive health. Findings: The study highlights the pivotal role of the female reproductive tract microbiome in maintaining reproductive health and its impact on the development of related disorders. The findings support the exploration of innovative microbiome-based approaches for the prevention, monitoring, and treatment of female reproductive tract diseases. Conclusion: This review represents a significant step toward a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between the microbiome and women's reproductive health, while opening new horizons for future research and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. © 2025, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved.