Studying the Anti-dandruff Effect of Althaea officinalis and Grape Vinegar Shampoo: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background: Dandruff is an epidermal disorder characterized by scaling, itching, and redness. Generally, three causative factors contribute to dandruff: Sebaceous gland secretions (particularly when overactive), Malassezia fungus, and allergies. Marshmallow, scientifically known as Althaea officinalis, is recognized as an anti-inflammatory agent for respiratory, digestive, and skin diseases. The marshmallow extract exhibits a potent antifungal effect on Malassezia furfur, the fungus responsible for dandruff. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of an anti-dandruff herbal shampoo containing A. officinalis and grape vinegar with Ketoconazole in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Methods: Sixty patients with dandruff were randomly assigned to two groups receiving either Ketoconazole 2 or herbal shampoos. Clinical examinations were conducted by physicians to assess the rates of scaling, itching, and erythema. The treatment period lasted 8 weeks, with patients returning after 4 and 8 weeks for evaluation. The recovery rate was measured by comparing scores.<br /> Results: The results indicated that both treatments significantly affected the amount of scaling, erythema, and itching of the scalp after one month; however, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. At the end of the study, the mean scaling index in the herbal and Ketoconazole shampoo groups was 1.23 +/- 0.21 and 1.11 +/- 0.31, respectively. After two months, the mean itching index in the herbal and Ketoconazole shampoo groups was 1.75 +/- 0.42 and 1.27 +/- 0.37, respectively. The mean erythema index in the herbal and Ketoconazole shampoo groups was 0.2 +/- 0.043 and o, respectively, after two months. Conclusions: According to the results, the herbal shampoo containing marshmallow extract and grape vinegar can be used to treat dandruff as a less costly and less complicated therapy.