The dietary pattern derived by reduced-rank regression in association with novel atherogenic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background A great number of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suffer from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Dietary patterns play a key role in preventing and controlling the complications of T2DM and CVD. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between dietary patterns derived from reduced rank regression (RRR) and novel atherogenic indices in patients with T2DM.Methods In this cross-sectional study, 226 patients with T2DM aged 30-75y were participated. The Risk of CVD was assessed using the novel atherogenic indices such as the Cardiometabolic Index (CMI), Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Lipid Accumulation Plasma (LAP), and Atherogenic Coefficient (AC). Dietary intakes were collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was employed to examine the relation between dietary patterns and study outcomes.Results The mean age of participants was 62.81 +/- 7.19 years. After adjusting all confounders, participants with the highest adherence to healthy dietary pattern had significantly lower odds for CMI (OR = 0.22; 95 CI: 0.08, 0.61), AIP (OR = 0.15; 95 CI: 0.05, 0.40), AC (OR = 0.03; 95 CI: 0.002, 0.56), compared to those with the lowest adherence. However, LAP did not change significantly across tertiles of the healthy dietary pattern in the fully adjusted model (OR T3 vs. T1 = 0.49; 95 CI: 0.15, 1.57).Conclusions This cross-sectional study suggests that higher adherence to healthy dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of elevated CMI, AIP, and AC indices, but not LAP, among patients with T2DM. Due to the cross-sectional design of the study, causality cannot be inferred, therefore prospective studies are recommended to replicate these findings.