Highly selective HKUST-1@SiO2@MnO2 nanorods for rapid dispersive solid phase extraction of paraben preservatives in cosmetics

Abstract

In this study, HKUST-1 was functionalized with silicon dioxide (SiO2) and alpha-manganese dioxide nanorods (HKUST-1@SiO2@MnO2 NRs), as a novel and high-performance nanostructure adsorbent. To consider the accuracy of the synthetized structure, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and X-Ray diffraction were used. HKUST-1@SiO2@MnO2 NRs was applied for dispersive & micro;-solid phase extraction (D & micro;SPE) of six commonly used parabens including methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, isobutyl-, benzyl- parabens in cosmetics prior to high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector. The linear ranges of 0.1-500 and 0.1-750 (& micro;g Kg- 1) were obtained for lipstick, mascara, face powder, face-hand moisturizing cream, baby shampoo, whitening cream, and hair gel. The limits of detection and limits of quantification values in the range of 0.027-0.033 (& micro;g Kg- 1) and 0.09-0.12 (& micro;g Kg- 1) were obtained for the target parabens in cosmetics. The intra-day precision (repeatability) and the inter-day precision (reproducibility) () were <= 2.2 and <= 2.6, respectively. The applicability of the method was investigated in which the recoveries () of 91.6-100.0 were obtained. Moreover, the application of green metrics evaluation tools including BAGI, AGREE, AGREEprep, and CaFRI affirmed the greenness of the proposed method.