Content Analysis of Structural Factors Influencing Improper Posture in Overhead Crane Operators: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background: Poor workplace posture is a major contributor to musculoskeletal disorders and is particularly critical for overhead crane operators who work under confined and high-stress conditions. This qualitative study aimed to identify the structural factors influencing the development of poor posture in the workstations of these operators. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2024 using a conventional content analysis approach among overhead crane operators employed in a large steel manufacturing industry. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using MAXQDA software to identify, categorize, and interpret the codes and factors contributing to musculoskeletal disorders among the operators. Findings: Data analysis revealed that factors contributing to poor posture among overhead crane operators could be classified into two main categories: cabin design and operator seat. A total of 17 codes were identified. Cabin-related factors included steering system deficiencies, inadequate foot space, vibration, improper lever placement, limited visibility, difficulty in communicating with personnel, space constraints, inappropriate cabin height, challenges in cleaning cabin windows, and insufficient lighting. Seat-related factors comprised lack of adjustability and rotation, absence of control levers on the seat, inadequate seat anchoring, low-quality materials, suspension system defects, and difficulty in achieving a comfortable seating position. Conclusion: Ergonomic design of the cabin and operator seat in overhead cranes ‒ including adjustability, an effective suspension system, and high-quality materials ‒ reduces physical strain and enhances operator comfort. Optimizing cabin space, minimizing vibration, and improving visibility further enhance operator performance and posture, providing a foundation for designing safe and efficient work environments for these occupations. © 2026, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved.