Comparision of Anal Fissure and Hemorrhoid Incidence Between Normal Vaginal Delivery and Cesarean Section

Abstract

Background: Hemorrhoids and anal fissures are two common complications during pregnancy, and cesarean section (CS) is sometimes performed with the aim of preventing them. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the incidence of hemorrhoids and anal fissures between normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and CS. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 400 women who underwent CS and 400 women who had NVD at Ghaem FarsanHospital, ShahrekordUniversity of Medical Sciences, were followed for two weeks postpartum. The incidence of hemorrhoids and anal fissures during 2023–2024 was recorded and compared between the two groups. Findings: The incidence of hemorrhoids was 16 (4) in the CS group and 24 (6) in the NVD group, with no statistically difference between ths groups. Additionally, 22 women (5.5) in the CS group and 28 women (7) in the NVD group developed anal fissures. The incidence of hemorrhoids and anal fissures did not differ significantly according to the type of delivery (P = 0.27). Conclusion: The incidence of hemorrhoids and anal fissures was not significantly associated with the type of delivery, but other factors such as maternal age during pregnancy and the number of previous deliveries appeared to influence their occurrence. These findings suggest that the mode of delivery does not affect on the incidence of these complications. © 2026, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved.