Effects of Ergonomic Chairs on Workplace Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to review the impact of ergonomic chairs on clinical and biomechanical outcomes for seated workers. Methods: We adhered to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to determine article eligibility and evaluated methodological quality using the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale. The strength of the evidence was appraised using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations (GRADE) framework. A narrative synthesis was then conducted to summarize the extracted data in descriptive form. Results: A total of 32 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis, involving 1,637 participants. The review showed that ergonomic chair designs have mixed results for pain reduction, with some improvements but not consistently across studies. Positive and consistent outcomes were observed in comfort enhancement. The impact on disability was not significant, while benefits were noted in reducing spinal shrinkage and altering muscle activation. Furthermore, ergonomic chairs influenced energy expenditure, body kinematics, and pressure distribution, while dynamic, custom-designed systems enhanced trunk muscle activation. An adjustable chair positively affected joint posture. Conclusion: Ergonomic chairs, especially dynamic and adjustable ones, provide comfort and biomechanical support to seated workers; although, the benefits regarding pain reduction are inconsistent. These findings suggest that choosing ergonomically designed chairs is a positive step toward workplace wellness. Further research is needed to standardize designs and optimize interventions for various occupational settings. © 2026 The Author(s).