Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. A randomized, placebo-controlled, trial

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba as a complementary therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Children and adolescents with ADHD received methylphenidate (20-30 mg/day) plus either G. biloba (80-120 mg/day) or placebo for 6 weeks. Parent and teacher forms of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) were completed at baseline, week 2, and week 6. Treatment response was defined as 27 improvement from baseline in the ADHD-RS-IV. Results: Compared with placebo, more reduction was observed with G. biloba regarding ADHD-RS-IV parent rating inattention score (-7.74 +/- 1.94 vs. -5.34 +/- 1.85, P < 0.001) and total score (-13.1 +/- 3.36 vs. -10.2 +/- 3.01, P = 0.001) as well as teacher rating inattention score (-7.29 +/- 1.90 vs. -5.96 +/- 1.52, P -0.004). Response rate was higher with G. biloba compared with placebo based on parent rating (93.5 vs. 58.6, P = 0.002). Conclusions: The G. biloba is an effective complementary treatment for ADHD. Further studies with longer treatment duration are warranted in this regard. IRCT2014111519958N1. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.