Ethical aspects of end-of-life care and end-stage disease: A review article

Abstract

Background: End of Life Care (EOL) and End-Stage Patients Care (ED) is usually presented in an environment full of a variety of emotional and moral challenges, the recognition of them can improve the quality of EOL services. Methods: In this narrative review, ethical aspects of EOL sucs as diagnosing the time of death or the final stage of the disease, patient's autonomy, the use of life sustaining treatments, and assisted dying were reviewed in 8 databases and 45 sources. Findings: Uncertainty is a principle in determining the proximity of the death or the final stage of a disease. In EOL, autonomy is limited, and some consider other moral principles, such as beneficence and justice, to be more important. Withholding of life sustaining treatments, especially in our country, is more moral and religious acceptance than withdrawing it. Approach medically assisted dying varies in different nations, and there are various moral justifications for accepting or denying it. Conclusion: Ethical issues in EOL are complex in nature, and are intertwined with individual attitudes, religious beliefs, and social conditions. Proper communication between the patient, family members, and clinicians is the most important factor in preventing and resolving EOL challenges. © 2020 Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved.